The Lao Ethnic Group of Northern Vietnam

Historical Roots and Geographic Presence

The Lao ethnic group residing in northern Vietnam, particularly within Lai Châu Province, trace their origins to migrations from what is now the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Linguistically they are affiliated with the Tay–Thai family, and are represented in sub-groups such as Lao Bóc and Lao Nội. In recent years, Vietnam has recorded a population of around 17,500 Lao people, with more than one third living in Lai Châu. Within the province’s present administrative boundaries, Tam Dương District is home to over 800 Lao households, representing approximately 2,400 individuals.

Linguistic and Cultural Landscape

Language and Folklore

The Lao language, spoken among the community of Tam Dương, forms part of the Tay–Thai linguistic group and shares affinities with other regional dialects. Oral tradition remains a valued cultural medium, centred on rich folklore, legend, and the performance of folk songs. Practitioners of ritual storytelling continue to pass down ancient tales that carry spiritual depth and reinforce communal memory.

Traditional Economy and Artisan Craft

The livelihoods of the Lao are deeply rooted in agriculture. Wet-rice cultivation, often supported by irrigation systems, is complemented by swidden farming practices on upland fields. Livestock raising, including pigs, poultry, and cattle, provides both subsistence and income, while fishing supplements diets in areas close to rivers and streams. Alongside agriculture, the Lao have maintained skilled artisan traditions. Pottery, weaving, blacksmithing, and silverwork all feature prominently in community life, and textiles woven by Lao women are especially renowned for their intricacy and aesthetic quality.

Visual Identity and Cultural Expressions

Attire and Adornment

On ceremonial occasions and at festivals, Lao men and women in Tam Dương wear distinctive, richly decorated traditional clothing. Men commonly use patterned headscarves, while women wear embroidered skirts that fall to the calf, paired with necklaces, earrings, and other ornaments. These garments are embellished with motifs inspired by plants and animals, offering a vivid reflection of the surrounding landscape and its symbolic significance.

Ancient Aesthetics: Teeth Blackening

One striking cultural feature that endures in Na Hiêng village, Na Tam commune of Tam Dương District, is the practice of teeth blackening. This custom employs resinous wood collected in highland forests. After being dried and charred, the resin is transformed into a dark pigment and applied to the teeth. Beyond aesthetic preference, the practice expresses identity, beauty, and cultural continuity, reinforcing bonds within the community.

The Lao community of Tam Dương District in Lai Châu Province represents a remarkable continuity of culture. Their story is one of ancient migration, sustained agricultural livelihoods, and highly skilled craftsmanship. Their identity is further embodied in striking attire and enduring customs such as teeth blackening.